Osteoarthritis

What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA), commonly known as arthritis, is a progressive degenerative joint disease. It occurs when the cartilage within a joint becomes damaged, leading to inflammation, pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Most common chronic pain condition in dogs
Can affect dogs of any age, but is more common in middle-aged and senior dogs
Often develops secondary to conditions such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, cruciate disease, or injury
Cannot be cured, but can be successfully managed

Symptoms

Common signs of osteoarthritis include:

Stiffness, particularly after rest
Difficulty getting up or lying down
Reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or get into the car
Slower on walks
Limping or lameness
Muscle loss
Reduced activity levels
Changes in behaviour or temperament
Slipping on smooth flooring
Increased sleeping or resting

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through:

Veterinary examination
Orthopaedic assessment
Gait analysis
Medical history
X-rays (radiographs)
Advanced imaging where required

Early diagnosis often allows for earlier intervention and improved long-term management.

Treatment

Treatment is usually multimodal and may include:

Weight management
Physiotherapy
Hydrotherapy
Pain relief medications
Joint supplements
Therapeutic exercise
Environmental modifications
Surgical intervention in some cases

The most successful arthritis management plans combine several treatment approaches tailored to the individual dog.

How Physiotherapy Helps

Physiotherapy plays a vital role in managing osteoarthritis and helping dogs remain comfortable, active, and independent for longer.

A physiotherapy programme is tailored to your dog's individual needs and may focus on:

Reducing Pain & Discomfort

Manual therapies can help reduce muscle tension, improve circulation, and alleviate compensatory discomfort that often develops around arthritic joints.

Improving Joint Mobility

Arthritic joints often become stiff and lose their normal range of motion. Physiotherapy techniques and specific exercises can help maintain joint flexibility and improve movement.

Maintaining Muscle Mass

Dogs with arthritis often reduce their activity levels due to discomfort, leading to muscle loss. Strong muscles help support joints and reduce stress on affected areas.

Improving Balance & Coordination

Pain and weakness can affect stability and confidence. Rehabilitation exercises can help improve body awareness, coordination, and balance.

Supporting Long-Term Mobility

Physiotherapy focuses on maintaining function and slowing the progression of disability, helping dogs continue to enjoy their daily activities for as long as possible.

Home Exercise Programmes

Owners are provided with tailored exercises and management advice to continue supporting their dog's mobility between appointments.

Benefits of physiotherapy may include:

Improved mobility
Reduced stiffness
Better muscle strength
Improved balance
Increased confidence
Enhanced quality of life
Greater independence

How Hydrotherapy Helps

Hydrotherapy is one of the most effective complementary therapies available for dogs with osteoarthritis.

The underwater treadmill allows dogs to exercise in a controlled environment while reducing the load placed on painful joints.

Reduced Weight Bearing

The buoyancy of water supports the body and reduces the impact placed on arthritic joints. This allows dogs to move more comfortably than they may be able to on land.

Improved Muscle Strength

Water provides gentle resistance, helping to strengthen muscles without placing excessive strain on joints.

Increased Joint Mobility

The warmth and buoyancy of the water can encourage improved range of motion and more comfortable movement patterns.

Improved Fitness

Many arthritic dogs become less active. Hydrotherapy allows them to maintain cardiovascular fitness whilst minimising discomfort.

Controlled Exercise

Exercise duration, speed, water depth, and resistance can all be carefully adjusted to suit each dog's needs and stage of disease.

Benefits of hydrotherapy may include:

Reduced joint loading
Improved muscle mass
Enhanced mobility
Improved fitness
Better endurance
Increased confidence when moving
Improved overall quality of life

Further Information

Weight Management Matters

Excess body weight is one of the biggest contributors to arthritis progression. Even a small amount of weight loss can significantly reduce pressure on painful joints and improve mobility.

Arthritis Doesn't Just Affect Older Dogs

While commonly associated with ageing, arthritis can affect younger dogs, particularly those with orthopaedic conditions such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, or previous injuries.

Early Intervention is Key

Many owners assume slowing down is a normal part of ageing, but stiffness, reluctance to exercise, and behavioural changes may indicate discomfort. Early assessment and management can make a significant difference to your dog's comfort and quality of life.

We Can Help

At Paws & Claws Veterinary Physiotherapy & Hydrotherapy Clinic, we provide personalised physiotherapy and hydrotherapy programmes designed to help dogs with osteoarthritis remain active, comfortable, and enjoy the best possible quality of life.